Emporis is a leading database for building information worldwide. You find information about construction projects, architecture, the building industry and city planning.Emperor - Wikipedia. An emperor (through Old Frenchempereor from Latin: 'imperator'. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother (empress dowager), or a woman who rules in her own right (empress regnant). Emperors are generally recognized to be of a higher honour and rank than kings. In Europe the title of Emperor was, since the Middle Ages, considered equal or almost equal in dignity to that of Pope, due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of Western Europe. The Emperor of Japan is the only currently reigning monarch whose title is translated into English as .
Inasmuch as there is a strict definition of emperor, it is that an emperor has no relations implying the superiority of any other ruler, and typically rules over more than one nation. Thus a king might be obliged to pay tribute to another ruler. However monarchs heading empires have not always used the title. Similarly before the 1. Emperor in Europe referred exclusively to the Holy Roman Emperor, despite the fact that the empire neither contained Rome nor did it exercise much power beyond the German speaking states, by the late 1. Habsburgs and following the Thirty Years' War the Habsburg emperors control over the German states outside Habsburg Austria became nearly non- existent, the position of Emperor however continued till the early 1. Francis II who became the first Emperor of Austria. For purposes of protocol, emperors were once given precedence over kings in international diplomatic relations; currently, however, precedence amongst heads of state . In reciprocity, these rulers might accredit equal titles in their native languages to their European peers. Through centuries of international convention, this has become the dominant rule to identifying an emperor in the modern era. Some empires, such as the Holy Roman Empire and the Russian Empire, derived their office from the authority of the Roman Emperors (translatio imperii). The title was a conscious attempt by monarchs to link themselves to the institutions and traditions of the Romans as part of state ideology. Historians have liberally used emperor and empire anachronistically and out of its Roman and European context to describe any large state from the past or the present. Such pre- Roman titles as . Sometimes this reference has even extended to non- monarchically ruled states and their spheres of influence such as the . Empire became identified instead with vast territorial holdings rather than the title of its ruler by the mid- 1. An emperor (through Old French empereor from Latin: 'imperator') is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Roman tradition. Also the name of the position split in several branches of Western tradition, see below. The importance and meaning of coronation ceremonies and regalia also varied within the tradition: for instance Holy Roman Emperors could only be crowned emperor by the Pope, which meant the coronation ceremony usually took place in Rome, often several years after these emperors had ascended to the throne (as . The first Latin Emperors of Constantinople on the other hand had to be present in the newly conquered capital of their empire, because that was the only place where they could be granted to become emperor. Early Roman Emperors avoided any type of ceremony or regalia different from what was already usual for republican offices in the Roman Republic: the most intrusive change had been changing the color of their robe to purple. Later new symbols of worldly and/or spiritual power, like the orb, became an essential part of the imperial accessories. Youtube Poop: Spingeboob and Porktrick get banished to hell by the Big Fat Meanie - Duration: 4 minutes, 52 seconds. Rules for indicating successors also varied: there was a tendency towards maleinheritance of the supreme office, but as well election by noblemen, as ruling empresses (for empires not too strictly under salic law) are known. Ruling monarchs could additionally steer the succession by adoption, as often occurred in the two first centuries of Imperial Rome. Of course, intrigue, murder and military force could also mingle in for appointing successors; the Roman imperial tradition made no exception to other monarchical traditions in this respect. Probably the epoch best known for this part of the imperial tradition is Rome's third century rule. Roman Empire and Byzantine emperors. Ancient Romans abhorred the name Rex (. Julius Caesar had been Dictator, an acknowledged and traditional office in Republican Rome. Caesar was not the first to hold it, but following his assassination the term was abhorred in Rome. One of these offices was princeps senatus, (. The first period of the Roman Empire, from 2. BC . However, it was the informal descriptive of Imperator (. Previously bestowed on high officials and military commanders who had imperium, Augustus reserved it exclusively to himself as the ultimate holder of all imperium. After the reign of Augustus' immediate successor Tiberius, being proclaimed imperator was transformed into the act of accession to the head of state. Other honorifics used by the Roman Emperors have also come to be synonyms for Emperor: Caesar (as, for example, in Suetonius' Twelve Caesars). This tradition continued in many languages: in German it became . The name derived from Julius Caesar's cognomen . In this tradition Julius Caesar is sometimes described as the first Caesar/emperor (following Suetonius). This is one of the most enduring titles, Caesar and its transliterations appeared in every year from the time of Caesar Augustus to Tsar Symeon II of Bulgaria's removal from the throne in 1. Augustus was the honorific first bestowed on Emperor Augustus: after him all Roman emperors added it to their name. Although it had a high symbolical value, something like . Exceptions include the title of the Augustan History, a semi- historical collection of Emperors' biographies of the 2nd and 3rd century. Augustus had (by his last will) granted the feminine form of this honorific (Augusta) to his wife. Few were however granted the title, and certainly not as a rule all wives of reigning Emperors. Imperator (as, for example, in Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia). In the Roman Republic Imperator meant . In the late Republic, as in the early years of the new monarchy, Imperator was a title granted to Roman generals by their troops and the Roman Senate after a great victory, roughly comparable to field marshal (head or commander of the entire army). For example, in AD 1. Germanicus was proclaimed Imperator during the reign of his adoptive father Tiberius. The Latin feminine form Imperatrix only developed after . Instead of developing a new name for the new type of monarchy, they used . For the Greeks Autokrat. Basileus appears not to have been used exclusively in the meaning of . The succeeding Nervan- Antonian Dynasty, ruling for most of the 2nd century, stabilised the Empire. This epoch became known as the era of the Five Good Emperors, and was followed by the short- lived Severan Dynasty. During the Crisis of the 3rd century, Barracks Emperors succeeded one another at short intervals. Three short lived secessionist attempts had their own emperors: the Gallic Empire, the Britannic Empire, and the Palmyrene Empire though the latter used rex more regularly. The Principate (2. BC . Diocletian sought to address the challenges of the Empire's now vast geography and the instability caused by the informality of succession by the creation of co- emperors and junior emperors. At one point, there were as many as five sharers of the imperium (see: Tetrarchy). In 3. 25 AD Constantine I defeated his rivals and restored single emperor rule, but following his death the empire was divided among his sons. For a time the concept was of one empire ruled by multiple emperors with varying territory under their control, however following the death of Theodosius I the rule was divided between his two sons and increasingly became separate entities. The areas administered from Rome are referred to by historians the Western Roman Empire and those under the immediate authority of Constantinople called the Eastern Roman Empire or (after the Battle of Yarmouk in 6. AD) the Later Roman or Byzantine Empire. The subdivisions and co- emperor system were formally abolished by Emperor Zeno in 4. AD following the death of Julius Nepos last Western Emperor and the ascension of Odoacer as the de facto King of Italy in 4. AD. Byzantine period. Although the empire was again subdivided and a co- emperor sent to Italy at the end of the fourth century, the office became unitary again only 9. Roman Senate and following the death of Julius Nepos, last Western Emperor. This change was a recognition of the reality that little remained of Imperial authority in the areas that had been the Western Empire, with even Rome and Italy itself now ruled by the essentially autonomous Odoacer. These Later Roman . Of particular note was the translation of the Latin Imperator into the Greek Basileus, after Emperor Heraclius changed the official language of the empire from Latin to Greek in AD 6. Basileus, a title which had long been used for Alexander the Great was already in common usage as the Greek word for the Roman emperor, but its definition and sense was . Byzantine period emperors also used the Greek word . Essentially, the Greek language did not incorporate the nuances of the Ancient Roman concepts that distinguished imperium from other forms of political power. In general usage, the Byzantine imperial title evolved from simply . Although this principle was held by all emperors after Constantine, it met with increasing resistance and ultimately rejection by bishops in the west after the effective end of Imperial power in there. This concept became a key element of the meaning of . Following the tragedy of the horrific sacking of the city, the conquerors declared a new . However, Byzantine resistance to the new empire meant that it was in constant struggle to establish itself. Byzantine Emperor Michael VII Palaiologos succeeded in recapturing Constantinople in 1.
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